How Teams Change

FootballGravity Special Report

A continuing series about how football teams are rebuilt across transfer windows and generations.

A transfer changes more than a name

A squad is a set of relationships: minutes, roles, contracts, age, leadership and memory. When one player leaves, a club may need to replace several things at once.

How Teams Change follows clubs across seasons rather than judging a single transfer window. It combines player movement and match data with tactics, financial room, academy development and the people who carry standards from one team to the next.

Club studies

An abstract editorial illustration in midnight blue, burgundy and gold about Barcelona’s squad transition, featuring the official FC Barcelona crest and the FootballGravity logo.

Club Study 1 — FC Barcelona

FC Barcelona official crestBarcelona, In Transition

The €222m Question: When Barcelona Lost Its Timetable

Neymar’s release clause brought a historic sum, but replacing a relationship required more than replacing a player.

Read the study →


An abstract editorial illustration of ten evolving panels representing Manchester City's changing teams under Pep Guardiola.

Club Study 2 — Manchester City

Manchester City, Rewritten

The Many Peaks of Pep’s City

The Treble was extraordinary, but it was not Guardiola’s only complete City. Five successful versions reveal a habit of reinvention.

Read the study →


An abstract editorial illustration in charcoal, oxblood red and ivory, with arches and a luminous thread representing AC Milan passing knowledge between football eras.

Club Study 3 — AC Milan

Milan, Between Eras

When Greatness Still Had a Successor

For decades, Milan renewed great teams by letting each generation learn beside the previous one. The summer of 2012 interrupted more than a starting XI.

Read the study →


A conceptual illustration of early red-brick architecture, an Art Deco stadium and a modern curved stadium, with an olive tree and the title Arsenal and the Work of Continuity.

Club Study 4 — Arsenal

Arsenal and the Work of Continuity

Arsenal and the Work of Continuity

Arteta’s olive tree opens a story of managerial trust, resources and renewal, from Wenger’s stadium years to the work of rebuilding Arsenal.

Read the study →


This index will be updated as each club study develops and new teams are added.